Cellular metabolism

Jared RutterAmerican biochemist, professor of biochemistry at the University of Utah and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator specializing in mitochondria and metabolism

• Rutter says imaging metabolism at cellular resolution inside a human body is a very difficult problem of both spatial resolution and finding a visible surrogate.

  “I should be clear, that's a very difficult problem. The spatial resolution, the ability to see fine enough detail to make out individual cells are even smaller than that”

  Huberman Lab: How Mitochondria Control Your Metabolism | Dr. Jared Rutter (Sep 7, 2026) · Listen from 1:50:56

• Rutter states that in a normal human, roughly 70 to 80 percent of the energy extracted by heart muscle cells comes from fat.

  “I think it's estimated 70% to 80% of the energy extraction that happens in cardiomyocytes and heart muscle cells is happening from fat”

  Huberman Lab: How Mitochondria Control Your Metabolism | Dr. Jared Rutter (Sep 7, 2026) · Listen from 1:03:37

• Rutter says cells continuously monitor their ATP levels and mount strong responses when energy is depleted.

  “every cell, almost all cells know how much usable energy ATP they have all the time”

  Huberman Lab: How Mitochondria Control Your Metabolism | Dr. Jared Rutter (Sep 7, 2026) · Listen from 1:00:50

• Rutter frames pyruvate as a bifurcation point where food is either converted to energy or to biomass.

  “Food can either be converted to energy. or it can be converted to biomass”

  Huberman Lab: How Mitochondria Control Your Metabolism | Dr. Jared Rutter (Sep 7, 2026) · Listen from 33:53